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circumcincta ESPs, followed by EV characterisation via nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Size-exclusion chromatography was applied to the isolation of EVs from whole T. circumcincta EVs, and whole and EV-depleted ESPs, using bacterial growth inhibition assays. In the current study, we (i) undertake proteomic analyses of the excretory-secretory products (ESPs), including secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), of the ‘brown stomach worm’ Teladorsagia circumcincta, one of the major agents causing parasite gastroenteritis in temperate areas worldwide (ii) conduct bioinformatic analyses to identify and characterise antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with putative antimicrobial activity and (iii) assess the bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic properties of T.

Over the past decade, evidence has emerged of the ability of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites to alter the composition of the host gut microbiome however, the mechanism(s) underpinning such interactions remain unclear.

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